qt6-bb10/src/corelib/tools/qlist.qdoc

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// Copyright (C) 2020 The Qt Company Ltd.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GFDL-1.3-no-invariants-only
/*!
\class QVector
\inmodule QtCore
\brief QVector is an alias for QList.
Please see the QList documentation for details.
*/
/*!
\class QList
\inmodule QtCore
\brief The QList class is a template class that provides a dynamic array.
\ingroup tools
\ingroup shared
\reentrant
QList\<T\> is one of Qt's generic \l{container classes}. It
stores its items in adjacent memory locations and provides fast
index-based access. QVector\<T\> used to be a different class in
Qt 5, but is now a simple alias to QList.
QList\<T\> and QVarLengthArray\<T\>
provide similar APIs and functionality. They are often interchangeable,
but there are performance consequences. Here is an overview of use cases:
\list
\li QList should be your default first choice.
\li QVarLengthArray provides an array that reserves space on the stack,
but can dynamically grow onto the heap if required. It's good to
use for short lived containers that are usually small.
\li If you need a real linked list, which guarantees
\l{Algorithmic Complexity}{constant time} insertions mid-list and
uses iterators to items rather than indexes, use std::list.
\endlist
\note QList and QVarLengthArray both guarantee C-compatible
array layout.
\note QList in Qt 5 did not always have a C-compatible array layout and
we often recommended to use QVector instead for more predictable
performance. This is not the case in Qt 6 anymore, where both classes
now share an implementation and can be used interchangeably.
Here's an example of a QList that stores integers and a QList
that stores QString values:
\snippet code/src_corelib_tools_qlist.cpp 0
QList stores its items in an array of continuous memory. Typically, lists
are created with an initial size. For example, the following code
constructs a QList with 200 elements:
\snippet code/src_corelib_tools_qlist.cpp 1
The elements are automatically initialized with a
\l{default-constructed value}. If you want to initialize the
list with a different value, pass that value as the second
argument to the constructor:
\snippet code/src_corelib_tools_qlist.cpp 2
You can also call fill() at any time to fill the list with a
value.
QList uses 0-based indexes, just like C++ arrays. To access the
item at a particular index position, you can use operator[](). On
non-const lists, operator[]() returns a reference to the item
that can be used on the left side of an assignment:
\snippet code/src_corelib_tools_qlist.cpp 3
For read-only access, an alternative syntax is to use at():
\snippet code/src_corelib_tools_qlist.cpp 4
at() can be faster than operator[](), because it never causes a
\l{deep copy} to occur.
Another way to access the data stored in a QList is to call
data(). The function returns a pointer to the first item in the
list. You can use the pointer to directly access and modify the
elements stored in the list. The pointer is also useful if you
need to pass a QList to a function that accepts a plain C++
array.
If you want to find all occurrences of a particular value in a
list, use indexOf() or lastIndexOf(). The former searches
forward starting from a given index position, the latter searches
backward. Both return the index of the matching item if they found
one; otherwise, they return -1. For example:
\snippet code/src_corelib_tools_qlist.cpp 5
If you simply want to check whether a list contains a
particular value, use contains(). If you want to find out how
many times a particular value occurs in the list, use count().
QList provides these basic functions to add, move, and remove
items: insert(), replace(), remove(), prepend(), append(). With the
exception of append(), prepend() and replace(), these functions can be slow
(\l{linear time}) for large lists, because they require moving many items in
the list by one position in memory. If you want a container class that
provides fast insertion/removal in the middle, use std::list instead.
Unlike plain C++ arrays, QLists can be resized at any time by
calling resize(). If the new size is larger than the old size,
QList might need to reallocate the whole list. QList tries
to reduce the number of reallocations by preallocating up to twice
as much memory as the actual data needs.
If you're building a QList gradually and know in advance
approximately how many elements it will contain, you can call reserve(),
asking QList to preallocate a certain amount of memory.
You can also call capacity() to find out how much memory the
QList actually has allocated.
Note that using non-const operators and functions can cause QList
to do a deep copy of the data, due to \l{implicit sharing}.
QList's value type must be an \l{assignable data type}. This
covers most data types that are commonly used, but the compiler
won't let you, for example, store a QWidget as a value; instead,
store a QWidget *. A few functions have additional requirements;
for example, indexOf() and lastIndexOf() expect the value type to
support \c operator==(). These requirements are documented on a
per-function basis.
For iterating over the items, see \l {Iterating over Containers}.
In addition to QList, Qt also provides QVarLengthArray, a very
low-level class with little functionality that is optimized for
speed.
\section2 More Information on Using Qt Containers
For a detailed discussion comparing Qt containers with each other and
with STL containers, see \l {Understand the Qt Containers}.
\section1 Maximum size and out-of-memory conditions
The maximum size of QList depends on the architecture. Most 64-bit
systems can allocate more than 2 GB of memory, with a typical limit
of 2^63 bytes. The actual value also depends on the overhead required for
managing the data block. As a result, you can expect the maximum size
of 2 GB minus overhead on 32-bit platforms, and 2^63 bytes minus overhead
on 64-bit platforms. The number of elements that can be stored in a
QList is this maximum size divided by the size of a stored element.
When memory allocation fails, QList uses the \l Q_CHECK_PTR macro,
which throws a \c std::bad_alloc exception if the application is being
compiled with exception support. If exceptions are disabled, then running
out of memory is undefined behavior.
Note that the operating system may impose further limits on applications
holding a lot of allocated memory, especially large, contiguous blocks.
Such considerations, the configuration of such behavior or any mitigation
are outside the scope of the Qt API.
*/
/*!
\fn template <typename T> QList<T> QList<T>::mid(qsizetype pos, qsizetype length = -1) const
Returns a sub-list which contains elements from this list,
starting at position \a pos. If \a length is -1 (the default), all
elements after \a pos are included; otherwise \a length elements (or
all remaining elements if there are less than \a length elements)
are included.
*/
/*!
\fn template <typename T> QList<T> QList<T>::first(qsizetype n) const
\since 6.0
Returns a sub-list that contains the first \a n elements
of this list.
\note The behavior is undefined when \a n < 0 or \a n > size().
\sa last(), sliced()
*/
/*!
\fn template <typename T> QList<T> QList<T>::last(qsizetype n) const
\since 6.0
Returns a sub-list that contains the last \a n elements of this list.
\note The behavior is undefined when \a n < 0 or \a n > size().
\sa first(), sliced()
*/
/*!
\fn template <typename T> QList<T> QList<T>::sliced(qsizetype pos, qsizetype n) const
\since 6.0
Returns a sub-list that contains \a n elements of this list,
starting at position \a pos.
\note The behavior is undefined when \a pos < 0, \a n < 0,
or \a pos + \a n > size().
\sa first(), last()
*/
/*!
\fn template <typename T> QList<T> QList<T>::sliced(qsizetype pos) const
\since 6.0
\overload
Returns a sub-list that contains the elements of this list starting at
position \a pos and extending to its end.
\note The behavior is undefined when \a pos < 0 or \a pos > size().
\sa first(), last()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T>::QList()
Constructs an empty list.
\sa resize()
*/
/*!
\fn template <typename T> QList<T>::QList(QList<T> &&other)
Move-constructs a QList instance, making it point at the same
object that \a other was pointing to.
\since 5.2
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T>::QList(qsizetype size)
Constructs a list with an initial size of \a size elements.
The elements are initialized with a \l{default-constructed
value}.
\sa resize()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T>::QList(qsizetype size, parameter_type value)
Constructs a list with an initial size of \a size elements.
Each element is initialized with \a value.
\sa resize(), fill()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T>::QList(const QList<T> &other)
Constructs a copy of \a other.
This operation takes \l{Algorithmic Complexity}{constant time},
because QList is \l{implicitly shared}. This makes returning
a QList from a function very fast. If a shared instance is
modified, it will be copied (copy-on-write), and that takes
\l{Algorithmic Complexity}{linear time}.
\sa operator=()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T>::QList(std::initializer_list<T> args)
\since 4.8
Constructs a list from the std::initializer_list given by \a args.
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> template<typename InputIterator, if_input_iterator<InputIterator>> QList<T>::QList(InputIterator first, InputIterator last)
\since 5.14
Constructs a list with the contents in the iterator range [\a first, \a last).
\note This constructor only participates in overload resolution if
\c InputIterator meets the requirements of a
\l {https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/InputIterator} {LegacyInputIterator}.
The value type of \c InputIterator must be convertible to \c T.
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T>::~QList()
Destroys the list.
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T> &QList<T>::operator=(const QList<T> &other)
Assigns \a other to this list and returns a reference to this
list.
*/
/*!
\fn template <typename T> QList<T> &QList<T>::operator=(QList<T> &&other)
Move-assigns \a other to this QList instance.
\since 5.2
*/
/*!
\fn template <typename T> QList<T> &QList<T>::operator=(std::initializer_list<T> args)
\since 5.14
Assigns the collection of values in \a args to this QList instance.
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> void QList<T>::swap(QList<T> &other)
\since 4.8
Swaps list \a other with this list. This operation is very fast and
never fails.
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> void QList<T>::swapItemsAt(qsizetype i, qsizetype j)
Exchange the item at index position \a i with the item at index
position \a j. This function assumes that both \a i and \a j are
at least 0 but less than size(). To avoid failure, test that both
\a i and \a j are at least 0 and less than size().
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> bool QList<T>::operator==(const QList<T> &other) const
Returns \c true if \a other is equal to this list; otherwise
returns \c false.
Two lists are considered equal if they contain the same values
in the same order.
This function requires the value type to have an implementation
of \c operator==().
\sa operator!=()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> bool QList<T>::operator!=(const QList<T> &other) const
Returns \c true if \a other is not equal to this list; otherwise
returns \c false.
Two lists are considered equal if they contain the same values
in the same order.
This function requires the value type to have an implementation
of \c operator==().
\sa operator==()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> bool QList<T>::operator<(const QList<T> &other) const
\since 5.6
Returns \c true if this list is
\l{http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/algorithm/lexicographical_compare}
{lexically less than} \a other; otherwise returns \c false.
This function requires the value type to have an implementation
of \c operator<().
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> bool QList<T>::operator<=(const QList<T> &other) const
\since 5.6
Returns \c true if this list is
\l{http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/algorithm/lexicographical_compare}
{lexically less than or equal to} \a other; otherwise returns \c false.
This function requires the value type to have an implementation
of \c operator<().
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> bool QList<T>::operator>(const QList<T> &other) const
\since 5.6
Returns \c true if this list is
\l{http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/algorithm/lexicographical_compare}
{lexically greater than} \a other; otherwise returns \c false.
This function requires the value type to have an implementation
of \c operator<().
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> bool QList<T>::operator>=(const QList<T> &other) const
\since 5.6
Returns \c true if this list is
\l{http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/algorithm/lexicographical_compare}
{lexically greater than or equal to} \a other; otherwise returns \c false.
This function requires the value type to have an implementation
of \c operator<().
*/
/*!
\fn template <typename T> size_t qHash(const QList<T> &key, size_t seed = 0)
\since 5.6
\relates QList
Returns the hash value for \a key,
using \a seed to seed the calculation.
This function requires qHash() to be overloaded for the value type \c T.
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> qsizetype QList<T>::size() const
Returns the number of items in the list.
\sa isEmpty(), resize()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> bool QList<T>::isEmpty() const
Returns \c true if the list has size 0; otherwise returns \c false.
\sa size(), resize()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> void QList<T>::resize(qsizetype size)
\since 6.0
Sets the size of the list to \a size. If \a size is greater than the
current size, elements are added to the end; the new elements are
initialized with a \l{default-constructed value}. If \a size is less
than the current size, elements are removed from the end.
If this list is not shared, the capacity() is preserved. Use squeeze()
to shed excess capacity.
\note In Qt versions prior to 5.7 (for QVector; QList lacked a resize()
until 6.0), this function released the memory used by the list instead of
preserving the capacity.
\sa size()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> qsizetype QList<T>::capacity() const
Returns the maximum number of items that can be stored in the
list without forcing a reallocation.
The sole purpose of this function is to provide a means of fine
tuning QList's memory usage. In general, you will rarely ever
need to call this function. If you want to know how many items are
in the list, call size().
\note a statically allocated list will report a capacity of 0,
even if it's not empty.
\warning The free space position in the allocated memory block is undefined.
In other words, you should not assume that the free memory is always located
at the end of the list. You can call reserve() to ensure that there is
enough space at the end.
\sa reserve(), squeeze()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> void QList<T>::reserve(qsizetype size)
Attempts to allocate memory for at least \a size elements.
If you know in advance how large the list will be, you should call this
function to prevent reallocations and memory fragmentation. If you resize
the list often, you are also likely to get better performance.
If in doubt about how much space shall be needed, it is usually better to
use an upper bound as \a size, or a high estimate of the most likely size,
if a strict upper bound would be much bigger than this. If \a size is an
underestimate, the list will grow as needed once the reserved size is
exceeded, which may lead to a larger allocation than your best overestimate
would have and will slow the operation that triggers it.
\warning reserve() reserves memory but does not change the size of the
list. Accessing data beyond the current end of the list is
undefined behavior. If you need to access memory beyond the current end of
the list, use resize().
\sa squeeze(), capacity(), resize()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> void QList<T>::squeeze()
Releases any memory not required to store the items.
The sole purpose of this function is to provide a means of fine
tuning QList's memory usage. In general, you will rarely ever
need to call this function.
\sa reserve(), capacity()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> void QList<T>::detach()
\internal
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> bool QList<T>::isDetached() const
\internal
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> void QList<T>::setSharable(bool sharable)
\internal
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> bool QList<T>::isSharedWith(const QList<T> &other) const
\internal
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> T *QList<T>::data()
Returns a pointer to the data stored in the list. The pointer
can be used to access and modify the items in the list.
Example:
\snippet code/src_corelib_tools_qlist.cpp 6
\warning The pointer is invalidated on detachment or when the QList is
modified.
This function is mostly useful to pass a list to a function
that accepts a plain C++ array.
\sa constData(), operator[]()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> const T *QList<T>::data() const
\overload
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> const T *QList<T>::constData() const
Returns a const pointer to the data stored in the list. The
pointer can be used to access the items in the list.
\warning The pointer is invalidated on detachment or when the QList is
modified.
This function is mostly useful to pass a list to a function
that accepts a plain C++ array.
\sa data(), operator[]()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> void QList<T>::clear()
Removes all the elements from the list.
If this list is not shared, the capacity() is preserved. Use squeeze() to
shed excess capacity.
\note In Qt versions prior to 5.7 (for QVector) and 6.0 (for QList), this
function released the memory used by the list instead of preserving the
capacity.
\sa resize(), squeeze()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> const T &QList<T>::at(qsizetype i) const
Returns the item at index position \a i in the list.
\a i must be a valid index position in the list (i.e., 0 <= \a
i < size()).
\sa value(), operator[]()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> T &QList<T>::operator[](qsizetype i)
Returns the item at index position \a i as a modifiable reference.
\a i must be a valid index position in the list (i.e., 0 <= \a i
< size()).
Note that using non-const operators can cause QList to do a deep
copy.
\sa at(), value()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> const T &QList<T>::operator[](qsizetype i) const
\overload
Same as at(\a i).
*/
/*!
\fn template <typename T> void QList<T>::append(parameter_type value)
Inserts \a value at the end of the list.
Example:
\snippet code/src_corelib_tools_qlist.cpp 7
This is the same as calling resize(size() + 1) and assigning \a
value to the new last element in the list.
This operation is relatively fast, because QList typically
allocates more memory than necessary, so it can grow without
reallocating the entire list each time.
\sa operator<<(), prepend(), insert()
*/
/*!
\fn template <typename T> void QList<T>::append(rvalue_ref value)
\since 5.6
\overload
Example:
\snippet code/src_corelib_tools_qlist.cpp move-append
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> void QList<T>::append(const QList<T> &value)
\overload
\since 5.5
Appends the items of the \a value list to this list.
\sa operator<<(), operator+=()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> void QList<T>::append(QList<T> &&value)
\overload
\since 6.0
Moves the items of the \a value list to the end of this list.
\sa operator<<(), operator+=()
*/
/*!
\fn template <typename T> void QList<T>::prepend(parameter_type value)
\fn template <typename T> void QList<T>::prepend(rvalue_ref value)
Inserts \a value at the beginning of the list.
Example:
\snippet code/src_corelib_tools_qlist.cpp 8
This is the same as list.insert(0, \a value).
Normally this operation is relatively fast (amortized \l{constant time}).
QList is able to allocate extra memory at the beginning of the list data
and grow in that direction without reallocating or moving the data on each
operation. However if you want a container class with a guarantee of
\l{constant time} prepend, use std::list instead,
but prefer QList otherwise.
\sa append(), insert()
*/
/*!
\fn template <typename T> template <typename ...Args> T &QList<T>::emplaceBack(Args&&... args)
\fn template <typename T> template <typename ...Args> T &QList<T>::emplace_back(Args&&... args)
Adds a new element to the end for the container. This new element
is constructed in-place using \a args as the arguments for its
construction.
Returns a reference to the new element.
Example:
\snippet code/src_corelib_tools_qlist.cpp emplace-back
It is also possible to access a newly created object by using
returned reference:
\snippet code/src_corelib_tools_qlist.cpp emplace-back-ref
This is the same as list.emplace(list.size(), \a args).
\sa emplace
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> void QList<T>::insert(qsizetype i, parameter_type value)
\fn template <typename T> void QList<T>::insert(qsizetype i, rvalue_ref value)
Inserts \a value at index position \a i in the list. If \a i is
0, the value is prepended to the list. If \a i is size(), the
value is appended to the list.
Example:
\snippet code/src_corelib_tools_qlist.cpp 9
For large lists, this operation can be slow (\l{linear time}),
because it requires moving all the items at indexes \a i and
above by one position further in memory. If you want a container
class that provides a fast insert() function, use std::list
instead.
\sa append(), prepend(), remove()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> void QList<T>::insert(qsizetype i, qsizetype count, parameter_type value)
\overload
Inserts \a count copies of \a value at index position \a i in the
list.
Example:
\snippet code/src_corelib_tools_qlist.cpp 10
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T>::iterator QList<T>::insert(const_iterator before, parameter_type value)
\fn template <typename T> QList<T>::iterator QList<T>::insert(const_iterator before, rvalue_ref value)
\overload
Inserts \a value in front of the item pointed to by the iterator
\a before. Returns an iterator pointing at the inserted item.
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T>::iterator QList<T>::insert(const_iterator before, qsizetype count, parameter_type value)
Inserts \a count copies of \a value in front of the item pointed to
by the iterator \a before. Returns an iterator pointing at the
first of the inserted items.
*/
/*!
\fn template <typename T> template <typename ...Args> QList<T>::iterator QList<T>::emplace(qsizetype i, Args&&... args)
Extends the container by inserting a new element at position \a i.
This new element is constructed in-place using \a args as the
arguments for its construction.
Returns an iterator to the new element.
Example:
\snippet code/src_corelib_tools_qlist.cpp emplace
\note It is guaranteed that the element will be created in place
at the beginning, but after that it might be copied or
moved to the right position.
\sa emplaceBack
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> void QList<T>::replace(qsizetype i, parameter_type value)
\fn template <typename T> void QList<T>::replace(qsizetype i, rvalue_ref value)
Replaces the item at index position \a i with \a value.
\a i must be a valid index position in the list (i.e., 0 <= \a
i < size()).
\sa operator[](), remove()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> void QList<T>::remove(qsizetype i, qsizetype n = 1)
Removes \a n elements from the list, starting at index position \a i.
//! [shrinking-erase]
Element removal will preserve the list's capacity and not reduce the amount of
allocated memory. To shed extra capacity and free as much memory as possible,
call squeeze().
//! [shrinking-erase]
//! [iterator-invalidation-erase]
\note When QList is not \l{implicitly shared}, this function only
invalidates iterators at or after the specified position.
//! [iterator-invalidation-erase]
\sa insert(), replace(), fill()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> void QList<T>::removeAt(qsizetype i)
\since 5.2
Removes the element at index position \a i.
Equivalent to
\code
remove(i);
\endcode
\include qlist.qdoc shrinking-erase
\include qlist.qdoc iterator-invalidation-erase
\sa remove()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> template <typename AT = T> qsizetype QList<T>::removeAll(const AT &t)
\since 5.4
Removes all elements that compare equal to \a t from the
list. Returns the number of elements removed, if any.
\include qlist.qdoc shrinking-erase
\sa removeOne()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> template <typename AT = T> bool QList<T>::removeOne(const AT &t)
\since 5.4
Removes the first element that compares equal to \a t from the
list. Returns whether an element was, in fact, removed.
\include qlist.qdoc shrinking-erase
\sa removeAll()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> template <typename Predicate> qsizetype QList<T>::removeIf(Predicate pred)
\since 6.1
Removes all elements for which the predicate \a pred returns true
from the list. Returns the number of elements removed, if any.
\sa removeAll()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> qsizetype QList<T>::length() const
\since 5.2
Same as size() and count().
\sa size(), count()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> T QList<T>::takeAt(qsizetype i)
\since 5.2
Removes the element at index position \a i and returns it.
Equivalent to
\code
T t = at(i);
remove(i);
return t;
\endcode
\include qlist.qdoc iterator-invalidation-erase
\sa takeFirst(), takeLast()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> void QList<T>::move(qsizetype from, qsizetype to)
\since 5.6
Moves the item at index position \a from to index position \a to.
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> void QList<T>::removeFirst()
\since 5.1
Removes the first item in the list. Calling this function is
equivalent to calling remove(0). The list must not be empty. If
the list can be empty, call isEmpty() before calling this
function.
\include qlist.qdoc shrinking-erase
\sa remove(), takeFirst(), isEmpty()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> void QList<T>::removeLast()
\since 5.1
Removes the last item in the list. Calling this function is
equivalent to calling remove(size() - 1). The list must not be
empty. If the list can be empty, call isEmpty() before calling
this function.
\include qlist.qdoc shrinking-erase
\sa remove(), takeLast(), removeFirst(), isEmpty()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> T QList<T>::takeFirst()
\since 5.1
Removes the first item in the list and returns it. This function
assumes the list is not empty. To avoid failure, call isEmpty()
before calling this function.
\sa takeLast(), removeFirst()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> T QList<T>::takeLast()
\since 5.1
Removes the last item in the list and returns it. This function
assumes the list is not empty. To avoid failure, call isEmpty()
before calling this function.
If you don't use the return value, removeLast() is more
efficient.
\sa takeFirst(), removeLast()
*/
/*!
\fn template <typename T> template <typename ...Args> QList<T>::iterator QList<T>::emplace(const_iterator before, Args&&... args)
\overload
Creates a new element in front of the item pointed to by the
iterator \a before. This new element is constructed in-place
using \a args as the arguments for its construction.
Returns an iterator to the new element.
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T> &QList<T>::fill(parameter_type value, qsizetype size = -1)
Assigns \a value to all items in the list. If \a size is
different from -1 (the default), the list is resized to \a size beforehand.
Example:
\snippet code/src_corelib_tools_qlist.cpp 11
\sa resize()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> template <typename AT = T> qsizetype QList<T>::indexOf(const AT &value, qsizetype from = 0) const
Returns the index position of the first occurrence of \a value in
the list, searching forward from index position \a from.
Returns -1 if no item matched.
Example:
\snippet code/src_corelib_tools_qlist.cpp 12
This function requires the value type to have an implementation of
\c operator==().
\sa lastIndexOf(), contains()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> template <typename AT = T> qsizetype QList<T>::lastIndexOf(const AT &value, qsizetype from = -1) const
Returns the index position of the last occurrence of the value \a
value in the list, searching backward from index position \a
from. If \a from is -1 (the default), the search starts at the
last item. Returns -1 if no item matched.
Example:
\snippet code/src_corelib_tools_qlist.cpp 13
This function requires the value type to have an implementation of
\c operator==().
\sa indexOf()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> template <typename AT = T> bool QList<T>::contains(const AT &value) const
Returns \c true if the list contains an occurrence of \a value;
otherwise returns \c false.
This function requires the value type to have an implementation of
\c operator==().
\sa indexOf(), count()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> bool QList<T>::startsWith(parameter_type value) const
\since 4.5
Returns \c true if this list is not empty and its first
item is equal to \a value; otherwise returns \c false.
\sa isEmpty(), first()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> bool QList<T>::endsWith(parameter_type value) const
\since 4.5
Returns \c true if this list is not empty and its last
item is equal to \a value; otherwise returns \c false.
\sa isEmpty(), last()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> template <typename AT = T> qsizetype QList<T>::count(const AT &value) const
Returns the number of occurrences of \a value in the list.
This function requires the value type to have an implementation of
\c operator==().
\sa contains(), indexOf()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> qsizetype QList<T>::count() const
\overload
Same as size().
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T>::iterator QList<T>::begin()
Returns an \l{STL-style iterators}{STL-style iterator} pointing to the
first item in the list.
//! [iterator-invalidation-func-desc]
\warning The returned iterator is invalidated on detachment or when the
QList is modified.
//! [iterator-invalidation-func-desc]
\sa constBegin(), end()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T>::const_iterator QList<T>::begin() const
\overload
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T>::const_iterator QList<T>::cbegin() const
\since 5.0
Returns a const \l{STL-style iterators}{STL-style iterator} pointing to the
first item in the list.
\include qlist.qdoc iterator-invalidation-func-desc
\sa begin(), cend()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T>::const_iterator QList<T>::constBegin() const
Returns a const \l{STL-style iterators}{STL-style iterator} pointing to the
first item in the list.
\include qlist.qdoc iterator-invalidation-func-desc
\sa begin(), constEnd()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T>::iterator QList<T>::end()
Returns an \l{STL-style iterators}{STL-style iterator} pointing just after
the last item in the list.
\include qlist.qdoc iterator-invalidation-func-desc
\sa begin(), constEnd()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T>::const_iterator QList<T>::end() const
\overload
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T>::const_iterator QList<T>::cend() const
\since 5.0
Returns a const \l{STL-style iterators}{STL-style iterator} pointing just
after the last item in the list.
\include qlist.qdoc iterator-invalidation-func-desc
\sa cbegin(), end()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T>::const_iterator QList<T>::constEnd() const
Returns a const \l{STL-style iterators}{STL-style iterator} pointing just
after the last item in the list.
\include qlist.qdoc iterator-invalidation-func-desc
\sa constBegin(), end()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T>::reverse_iterator QList<T>::rbegin()
\since 5.6
Returns a \l{STL-style iterators}{STL-style} reverse iterator pointing to
the first item in the list, in reverse order.
\include qlist.qdoc iterator-invalidation-func-desc
\sa begin(), crbegin(), rend()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T>::const_reverse_iterator QList<T>::rbegin() const
\since 5.6
\overload
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T>::const_reverse_iterator QList<T>::crbegin() const
\since 5.6
Returns a const \l{STL-style iterators}{STL-style} reverse iterator pointing
to the first item in the list, in reverse order.
\include qlist.qdoc iterator-invalidation-func-desc
\sa begin(), rbegin(), rend()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T>::reverse_iterator QList<T>::rend()
\since 5.6
Returns a \l{STL-style iterators}{STL-style} reverse iterator pointing just
after the last item in the list, in reverse order.
\include qlist.qdoc iterator-invalidation-func-desc
\sa end(), crend(), rbegin()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T>::const_reverse_iterator QList<T>::rend() const
\since 5.6
\overload
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T>::const_reverse_iterator QList<T>::crend() const
\since 5.6
Returns a const \l{STL-style iterators}{STL-style} reverse iterator pointing
just after the last item in the list, in reverse order.
\include qlist.qdoc iterator-invalidation-func-desc
\sa end(), rend(), rbegin()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T>::iterator QList<T>::erase(const_iterator pos)
Removes the item pointed to by the iterator \a pos from the
list, and returns an iterator to the next item in the list
(which may be end()).
\include qlist.qdoc shrinking-erase
\include qlist.qdoc iterator-invalidation-erase
\sa insert(), remove()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T>::iterator QList<T>::erase(const_iterator begin, const_iterator end)
\overload
Removes all the items from \a begin up to (but not including) \a
end. Returns an iterator to the same item that \a end referred to
before the call.
\include qlist.qdoc shrinking-erase
\include qlist.qdoc iterator-invalidation-erase
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> T& QList<T>::first()
Returns a reference to the first item in the list. This
function assumes that the list isn't empty.
\sa last(), isEmpty(), constFirst()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> const T& QList<T>::first() const
\overload
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> const T& QList<T>::constFirst() const
\since 5.6
Returns a const reference to the first item in the list. This
function assumes that the list isn't empty.
\sa constLast(), isEmpty(), first()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> T& QList<T>::last()
Returns a reference to the last item in the list. This function
assumes that the list isn't empty.
\sa first(), isEmpty(), constLast()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> const T& QList<T>::last() const
\overload
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> const T& QList<T>::constLast() const
\since 5.6
Returns a const reference to the last item in the list. This function
assumes that the list isn't empty.
\sa constFirst(), isEmpty(), last()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> T QList<T>::value(qsizetype i) const
Returns the value at index position \a i in the list.
If the index \a i is out of bounds, the function returns a
\l{default-constructed value}. If you are certain that \a i is within
bounds, you can use at() instead, which is slightly faster.
\sa at(), operator[]()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> T QList<T>::value(qsizetype i, parameter_type defaultValue) const
\overload
If the index \a i is out of bounds, the function returns \a defaultValue.
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> void QList<T>::push_back(parameter_type value)
This function is provided for STL compatibility. It is equivalent
to append(\a value).
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> void QList<T>::push_back(rvalue_ref value)
\since 5.6
\overload
*/
/*!
\fn template <typename T> void QList<T>::push_front(parameter_type value)
\fn template <typename T> void QList<T>::push_front(rvalue_ref value)
This function is provided for STL compatibility. It is equivalent
to prepend(\a value).
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> void QList<T>::pop_front()
This function is provided for STL compatibility. It is equivalent
to removeFirst().
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> void QList<T>::pop_back()
This function is provided for STL compatibility. It is equivalent
to removeLast().
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> T& QList<T>::front()
This function is provided for STL compatibility. It is equivalent
to first().
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T>::const_reference QList<T>::front() const
\overload
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T>::reference QList<T>::back()
This function is provided for STL compatibility. It is equivalent
to last().
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T>::const_reference QList<T>::back() const
\overload
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> void QList<T>::shrink_to_fit()
\since 5.10
This function is provided for STL compatibility. It is equivalent
to squeeze().
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> bool QList<T>::empty() const
This function is provided for STL compatibility. It is equivalent
to isEmpty(), returning \c true if the list is empty; otherwise
returns \c false.
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T> &QList<T>::operator+=(const QList<T> &other)
Appends the items of the \a other list to this list and
returns a reference to this list.
\sa operator+(), append()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T> &QList<T>::operator+=(QList<T> &&other)
\since 6.0
\overload
\sa operator+(), append()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> void QList<T>::operator+=(parameter_type value)
\overload
Appends \a value to the list.
\sa append(), operator<<()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> void QList<T>::operator+=(rvalue_ref value)
\since 5.11
\overload
\sa append(), operator<<()
*/
/*!
\fn template <typename T> QList<T> QList<T>::operator+(const QList<T> &other) const &
\fn template <typename T> QList<T> QList<T>::operator+(const QList<T> &other) &&
\fn template <typename T> QList<T> QList<T>::operator+(QList<T> &&other) const &
\fn template <typename T> QList<T> QList<T>::operator+(QList<T> &&other) &&
Returns a list that contains all the items in this list
followed by all the items in the \a other list.
\sa operator+=()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T> &QList<T>::operator<<(parameter_type value)
Appends \a value to the list and returns a reference to this list.
\sa append(), operator+=()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T> &QList<T>::operator<<(rvalue_ref value)
\since 5.11
\overload
\sa append(), operator+=()
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T> &QList<T>::operator<<(const QList<T> &other)
Appends \a other to the list and returns a reference to the list.
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T> &QList<T>::operator<<(QList<T> &&other)
\since 6.0
\overload
*/
/*! \class QList::iterator
\inmodule QtCore
\brief Provides an STL-style non-const iterator for QList and QStack.
QList provides both \l{STL-style iterators} and \l{Java-style
iterators}.
//! [iterator-invalidation-class-desc]
\warning Iterators on implicitly shared containers do not work
exactly like STL-iterators. You should avoid copying a container
while iterators are active on that container. For more information,
read \l{Implicit sharing iterator problem}.
\warning Iterators are invalidated when QList is modified. Consider that all
iterators are invalidated by default. Exceptions to this rule are explicitly
documented.
//! [iterator-invalidation-class-desc]
\sa QList::begin(), QList::end(), QList::const_iterator, QMutableListIterator
*/
/*! \class QList::const_iterator
\inmodule QtCore
\brief Provides an STL-style const iterator for QList and QStack.
QList provides both \l{STL-style iterators} and \l{Java-style
iterators}.
\include qlist.qdoc iterator-invalidation-class-desc
\sa QList::constBegin(), QList::constEnd(), QList::iterator, QListIterator
*/
/*! \typedef QList::reverse_iterator
\since 5.6
The QList::reverse_iterator typedef provides an STL-style non-const
reverse iterator for QList.
\include qlist.qdoc iterator-invalidation-class-desc
\sa QList::rbegin(), QList::rend(), QList::const_reverse_iterator, QList::iterator
*/
/*! \typedef QList::const_reverse_iterator
\since 5.6
The QList::const_reverse_iterator typedef provides an STL-style const
reverse iterator for QList.
\include qlist.qdoc iterator-invalidation-class-desc
\sa QList::rbegin(), QList::rend(), QList::reverse_iterator, QList::const_iterator
*/
/*! \typedef QList::Iterator
Qt-style synonym for QList::iterator.
*/
/*! \typedef QList::ConstIterator
Qt-style synonym for QList::const_iterator.
*/
/*! \typedef QList::const_pointer
Provided for STL compatibility.
*/
/*! \typedef QList::const_reference
Provided for STL compatibility.
*/
/*! \typedef QList::difference_type
Provided for STL compatibility.
*/
/*! \typedef QList::pointer
Provided for STL compatibility.
*/
/*! \typedef QList::reference
Provided for STL compatibility.
*/
/*! \typedef QList::size_type
Provided for STL compatibility.
*/
/*! \typedef QList::value_type
Provided for STL compatibility.
*/
/*! \typedef QList::parameter_type
*/
/*! \typedef QList::rvalue_ref
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T> QList<T>::toList() const
\fn template <typename T> QList<T> QList<T>::toVector() const
\deprecated
A no-op in Qt 6. Provided for backwards compatibility with
Qt 5, where QList and QVector where two different types.
Returns this list.
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T> QList<T>::fromList(const QList<T> &list)
\fn template <typename T> QList<T> QList<T>::fromVector(const QList<T> &list)
\deprecated
A no-op in Qt 6. Provided for backwards compatibility with
Qt 5, where QList and QVector were two different types.
Returns this list.
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QDataStream &operator<<(QDataStream &out, const QList<T> &list)
\relates QList
Writes the list \a list to stream \a out.
This function requires the value type to implement \c operator<<().
\sa{Serializing Qt Data Types}{Format of the QDataStream operators}
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QDataStream &operator>>(QDataStream &in, QList<T> &list)
\relates QList
Reads a list from stream \a in into \a list.
This function requires the value type to implement \c operator>>().
\sa{Serializing Qt Data Types}{Format of the QDataStream operators}
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T, typename AT> qsizetype erase(QList<T> &list, const AT &t)
\relates QList
\since 6.1
Removes all elements that compare equal to \a t from the
list \a list. Returns the number of elements removed, if any.
\note Unlike QList::removeAll, \a t is not allowed to be a
reference to an element inside \a list. If you cannot be sure that
this is not the case, take a copy of \a t and call this function
with the copy.
\sa QList::removeAll(), erase_if
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T, typename Predicate> qsizetype erase_if(QList<T> &list, Predicate pred)
\relates QList
\since 6.1
Removes all elements for which the predicate \a pred returns true
from the list \a list. Returns the number of elements removed, if
any.
\sa erase
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T>::assign(qsizetype n, parameter_type t)
\since 6.6
Replaces the contents of this list with \a n copies of \a t.
The size of this list will be equal to \a n.
This function will only allocate memory if \a n exceeds the capacity of the
list or this list is shared.
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> template <typename InputIterator, if_input_iterator<InputIterator>> QList<T>::assign(InputIterator first, InputIterator last)
\since 6.6
Replaces the contents of this list with a copy of the elements in the
iterator range [\a first, \a last).
The size of this list will be equal to the number of elements in the
range [\a first, \a last).
This function will only allocate memory if the number of elements in the
range exceeds the capacity of this list or this list is shared.
\note This function overload only participates in overload resolution if
\c InputIterator meets the requirements of a
\l {https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/InputIterator} {LegacyInputIterator}.
\note The behavior is undefined if either argument is an iterator into
*this.
*/
/*! \fn template <typename T> QList<T>::assign(std::initializer_list<T> l)
\since 6.6
Replaces the contents of this list with a copy of the elements of
\a l.
The size of this list will be equal to the number of elements in
\a l.
This function only allocates memory if the number of elements in \a l
exceeds the capacity of this list or this list is shared.
*/