qt6-bb10/src/corelib/ipc/qtipccommon.cpp

575 lines
19 KiB
C++

// Copyright (C) 2022 Intel Corporation.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR LGPL-3.0-only OR GPL-2.0-only OR GPL-3.0-only
#include "qtipccommon.h"
#include "qtipccommon_p.h"
#include <qcryptographichash.h>
#include <qstandardpaths.h>
#include <qstringconverter.h>
#include <qurl.h>
#if defined(Q_OS_DARWIN)
# include "private/qcore_mac_p.h"
# if !defined(SHM_NAME_MAX)
// Based on PSEMNAMLEN in XNU's posix_sem.c, which would
// indicate the max length is 31, _excluding_ the zero
// terminator. But in practice (possibly due to an off-
// by-one bug in the kernel) the usable bytes are only 30.
# define SHM_NAME_MAX 30
# endif
#elif defined(Q_OS_WINDOWS)
# include "qt_windows.h"
#endif
#if QT_CONFIG(sharedmemory) || QT_CONFIG(systemsemaphore)
QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
using namespace Qt::StringLiterals;
static QStringView staticTypeToString(QNativeIpcKey::Type type)
{
switch (type) {
case QNativeIpcKey::Type::SystemV:
return u"systemv";
case QNativeIpcKey::Type::PosixRealtime:
return u"posix";
case QNativeIpcKey::Type::Windows:
return u"windows";
}
return {};
}
static QString typeToString(QNativeIpcKey::Type type)
{
QStringView typeString = staticTypeToString(type);
switch (type) {
case QNativeIpcKey::Type::SystemV:
case QNativeIpcKey::Type::PosixRealtime:
case QNativeIpcKey::Type::Windows:
return QString::fromRawData(typeString.constData(), typeString.size());
}
int value = int(type);
if (value >= 1 && value <= 0xff) {
// System V key with id different from 'Q'
typeString = staticTypeToString(QNativeIpcKey::Type::SystemV);
return typeString + QString::number(-value); // negative so it prepends a dash
}
return QString(); // invalid!
}
static QNativeIpcKey::Type stringToType(QStringView typeString)
{
if (typeString == staticTypeToString(QNativeIpcKey::Type::PosixRealtime))
return QNativeIpcKey::Type::PosixRealtime;
if (typeString == staticTypeToString(QNativeIpcKey::Type::Windows))
return QNativeIpcKey::Type::Windows;
auto fromNumber = [](QStringView number, int low, int high) {
bool ok;
int n = -number.toInt(&ok, 10);
if (!ok || n < low || n > high)
return QNativeIpcKey::Type{};
return QNativeIpcKey::Type(n);
};
QStringView sysv = staticTypeToString(QNativeIpcKey::Type::SystemV);
if (typeString.startsWith(sysv)) {
if (typeString.size() == sysv.size())
return QNativeIpcKey::Type::SystemV;
return fromNumber(typeString.sliced(sysv.size()), 1, 0xff);
}
// invalid!
return QNativeIpcKey::Type{};
}
/*!
\internal
Legacy: this exists for compatibility with QSharedMemory and
QSystemSemaphore between 4.4 and 6.6.
Generate a string from the key which can be any unicode string into
the subset that the win/unix kernel allows.
On Unix this will be a file name
*/
QNativeIpcKey QtIpcCommon::legacyPlatformSafeKey(const QString &key, QtIpcCommon::IpcType ipcType,
QNativeIpcKey::Type type)
{
QNativeIpcKey k(type);
if (key.isEmpty())
return k;
QByteArray hex = QCryptographicHash::hash(key.toUtf8(), QCryptographicHash::Sha1).toHex();
if (type == QNativeIpcKey::Type::PosixRealtime) {
#if defined(Q_OS_DARWIN)
if (qt_apple_isSandboxed()) {
// Sandboxed applications on Apple platforms require the shared memory name
// to be in the form <application group identifier>/<custom identifier>.
// Since we don't know which application group identifier the user wants
// to apply, we instead document that requirement, and use the key directly.
k.setNativeKey(key);
} else {
// The shared memory name limit on Apple platforms is very low (30 characters),
// so we can't use the logic below of combining the prefix, key, and a hash,
// to ensure a unique and valid name. Instead we use the first part of the
// hash, which should still long enough to avoid collisions in practice.
k.setNativeKey(u'/' + QLatin1StringView(hex).left(SHM_NAME_MAX - 1));
}
return k;
#endif
}
QString result;
result.reserve(1 + 18 + key.size() + 40);
switch (ipcType) {
case IpcType::SharedMemory:
result += "qipc_sharedmemory_"_L1;
break;
case IpcType::SystemSemaphore:
result += "qipc_systemsem_"_L1;
break;
}
for (QChar ch : key) {
if ((ch >= u'a' && ch <= u'z') ||
(ch >= u'A' && ch <= u'Z'))
result += ch;
}
result.append(QLatin1StringView(hex));
switch (type) {
case QNativeIpcKey::Type::Windows:
if (isIpcSupported(ipcType, QNativeIpcKey::Type::Windows))
k.setNativeKey(result);
return k;
case QNativeIpcKey::Type::PosixRealtime:
if (isIpcSupported(ipcType, QNativeIpcKey::Type::PosixRealtime))
k.setNativeKey(result.prepend(u'/'));
return k;
case QNativeIpcKey::Type::SystemV:
break;
}
if (isIpcSupported(ipcType, QNativeIpcKey::Type::SystemV))
k.setNativeKey(QStandardPaths::writableLocation(QStandardPaths::TempLocation) + u'/' + result);
return k;
}
QNativeIpcKey QtIpcCommon::platformSafeKey(const QString &key, QtIpcCommon::IpcType ipcType,
QNativeIpcKey::Type type)
{
QNativeIpcKey k(type);
if (key.isEmpty())
return k;
switch (type) {
case QNativeIpcKey::Type::PosixRealtime:
if (isIpcSupported(ipcType, QNativeIpcKey::Type::PosixRealtime)) {
#ifdef SHM_NAME_MAX
// The shared memory name limit on Apple platforms is very low (30
// characters), so we have to cut it down to avoid ENAMETOOLONG. We
// hope that there won't be too many collisions...
k.setNativeKey(u'/' + QStringView(key).left(SHM_NAME_MAX - 1));
#else
k.setNativeKey(u'/' + key);
#endif
}
return k;
case QNativeIpcKey::Type::Windows:
if (isIpcSupported(ipcType, QNativeIpcKey::Type::Windows)) {
QStringView prefix;
QStringView payload = key;
// see https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/termserv/kernel-object-namespaces
for (QStringView candidate : { u"Local\\", u"Global\\" }) {
if (!key.startsWith(candidate))
continue;
prefix = candidate;
payload = payload.sliced(prefix.size());
break;
}
QStringView mid;
switch (ipcType) {
case IpcType::SharedMemory: mid = u"shm_"; break;
case IpcType::SystemSemaphore: mid = u"sem_"; break;
}
QString result = prefix + mid + payload;
#ifdef Q_OS_WINDOWS
result.truncate(MAX_PATH);
#endif
k.setNativeKey(result);
}
return k;
case QNativeIpcKey::Type::SystemV:
break;
}
// System V
if (isIpcSupported(ipcType, QNativeIpcKey::Type::SystemV)) {
if (key.startsWith(u'/')) {
k.setNativeKey(key);
} else {
QString baseDir = QStandardPaths::writableLocation(QStandardPaths::RuntimeLocation);
k.setNativeKey(baseDir + u'/' + key);
}
}
return k;
}
/*!
\class QNativeIpcKey
\inmodule QtCore
\since 6.6
\brief The QNativeIpcKey class holds a native key used by QSystemSemaphore and QSharedMemory.
The \l QSharedMemory and \l QSystemSemaphore classes identify their
resource using a system-wide identifier known as a "key". The low-level key
value as well as the key type are encapsulated in Qt using the \l
QNativeIpcKey class.
Those two classes also provide the means to create native keys from a
cross-platform identifier, using QSharedMemory::platformSafeKey() and
QSystemSemaphore::platformSafeKey(). Applications should never share the
input to those functions, as different versions of Qt may perform different
transformations, resulting in different native keys. Instead, the
application that created the IPC object should communicate the resulting
native key using the methods described below.
For details on the key types, platform-specific limitations, and
interoperability with older or non-Qt applications, see the \l{Native IPC
Keys} documentation. That includes important information for sandboxed
applications on Apple platforms, including all apps obtained via the Apple
App Store.
\section1 Communicating keys to other processes
\section2 Communicating keys to other Qt processes
If the other process supports QNativeIpcKey, the best way of communicating
is via the string representation obtained from toString() and parsing it
using fromString(). This representation can be stored on a file whose name
is well-known or passed on the command-line to a child process using
QProcess::setArguments().
If the other process does not support QNativeIpcKey, then the two processes
can exchange the nativeKey() but the older code is likely unable to adjust
its key type. The legacyDefaultTypeForOs() function returns the type that
legacy code used, which may not match the \l{DefaultTypeForOs} constant.
This is still true even if the old application is not using the same build
as the new one (for example, it is a Qt 5 application), provided the
options passed to the Qt configure script are the same.
\section2 Communicating keys to non-Qt processes
When communicating with non-Qt processes, the application must arrange to
obtain the key type the other process is using. This is important
particularly on Unix systems, where both \l PosixRealtime and \l SystemV
are common.
\section1 String representation of native keys
The format of the string representation of a QNativeIpcKey is meant to be
stable and therefore backwards and forwards compatible, provided the key
type is supported by the Qt version in question. That is to say, an older
Qt will fail to parse the string representation of a key type introduced
after it was released. However, successfully parsing a string
representation does not imply the Qt classes can successfully create an
object of that type; applications should verify support using
QSharedMemory::isKeyTypeSupported() and QSystemSemaphore::isKeyTypeSupported().
The format of the string representation is formed by two components,
separated by a colon (':'). The first component is the key type, described
in the table below. The second component is a type-specific payload, using
\l{QByteArray::fromPercentEncoding}{percent-encoding}. For all currently
supported key types, the decoded form is identical to the contents of the
nativeKey() field.
\table
\row \li Key type \li String representation
\row \li \l PosixRealtime \li \c "posix"
\row \li \l SystemV \li \c "systemv"
\row \li \l Windows \li \c "windows"
\row \li Non-standard SystemV \li \c "systemv-" followed by a decimal number
\endtable
This format resembles a URI and allows parsing using URI/URL-parsing
functions, such as \l QUrl. When parsed by such API, the key type will show
up as the \l{QUrl::scheme()}{scheme}, and the payload will be the
\l{QUrl::path()}{path}. Use of query or fragments is reserved.
\sa QSharedMemory, QSystemSemaphore
*/
/*!
\enum QNativeIpcKey::Type
This enum describes the backend type for the IPC object. For details on the
key types, see the \l{Native IPC Keys} documentation.
\value SystemV X/Open System Initiative (XSI) or System V (SVr4) API
\value PosixRealtime IEEE 1003.1b (POSIX.1b) API
\value Windows Win32 API
\sa setType(), type()
*/
/*!
\variable QNativeIpcKey::DefaultTypeForOs
This constant expression variable holds the default native IPC type for the
current OS. It will be Type::Windows for Windows systems and
Type::PosixRealtime elsewhere. Note that this constant is different from
what \l QSharedMemory and \l QSystemSemaphore defaulted to on the majority
of Unix systems prior to Qt 6.6; see legacyDefaultTypeForOs() for more
information.
*/
/*!
\fn QNativeIpcKey::legacyDefaultTypeForOs() noexcept
Returns the \l{Type} that corresponds to the native IPC key that
\l{QSharedMemory} and \l{QSystemSemaphore} used to use prior to Qt 6.6.
Applications and libraries that must retain compatibility with code using
either class that was compiled with Qt prior to version 6.6 can use this
function to determine what IPC type the other applications may be using.
Note that this function relies on Qt having been built with identical
configure-time options.
*/
#if defined(Q_OS_DARWIN)
QNativeIpcKey::Type QNativeIpcKey::defaultTypeForOs_internal() noexcept
{
if (qt_apple_isSandboxed())
return Type::PosixRealtime;
return Type::SystemV;
}
#endif
/*!
\fn QNativeIpcKey::QNativeIpcKey() noexcept
Constructs a QNativeIpcKey object of type \l DefaultTypeForOs with an empty key.
*/
/*!
\fn QNativeIpcKey::QNativeIpcKey(Type type) noexcept
\fn QNativeIpcKey::QNativeIpcKey(const QString &key, Type type)
Constructs a QNativeIpcKey object holding native key \a key (or empty on
the overload without the parameter) for type \a type.
*/
/*!
\fn QNativeIpcKey::QNativeIpcKey(const QNativeIpcKey &other)
\fn QNativeIpcKey::QNativeIpcKey(QNativeIpcKey &&other) noexcept
\fn QNativeIpcKey &QNativeIpcKey::operator=(const QNativeIpcKey &other)
\fn QNativeIpcKey &QNativeIpcKey::operator=(QNativeIpcKey &&other) noexcept
Copies or moves the content of \a other.
*/
void QNativeIpcKey::copy_internal(const QNativeIpcKey &other)
{
d = new QNativeIpcKeyPrivate(*other.d);
}
void QNativeIpcKey::move_internal(QNativeIpcKey &&) noexcept
{
// inline code already moved properly, nothing for us to do here
}
QNativeIpcKey &QNativeIpcKey::assign_internal(const QNativeIpcKey &other)
{
Q_ASSERT(d || other.d); // only 3 cases to handle
if (d && !other.d)
*d = {};
else if (d)
*d = *other.d;
else
d = new QNativeIpcKeyPrivate(*other.d);
return *this;
}
/*!
\fn QNativeIpcKey::~QNativeIpcKey()
Disposes of this QNativeIpcKey object.
*/
void QNativeIpcKey::destroy_internal() noexcept
{
delete d;
}
/*!
\fn QNativeIpcKey::swap(QNativeIpcKey &other) noexcept
Swaps the native IPC key and type \a other with this object.
This operation is very fast and never fails.
*/
/*!
\fn swap(QNativeIpcKey &value1, QNativeIpcKey &value2) noexcept
\relates QNativeIpcKey
Swaps the native IPC key and type \a value1 with \a value2.
This operation is very fast and never fails.
*/
/*!
\fn QNativeIpcKey::isEmpty() const
Returns true if the nativeKey() is empty.
\sa nativeKey()
*/
/*!
\fn QNativeIpcKey::isValid() const
Returns true if this object contains a valid native IPC key type. Invalid
types are usually the result of a failure to parse a string representation
using fromString().
This function performs no check on the whether the key string is actually
supported or valid for the current operating system.
\sa type(), fromString()
*/
/*!
\fn QNativeIpcKey::type() const noexcept
Returns the key type associated with this object.
\sa nativeKey(), setType()
*/
/*!
\fn QNativeIpcKey::setType(Type type)
Sets the IPC type of this object to \a type.
\sa type(), setNativeKey()
*/
void QNativeIpcKey::setType_internal(Type type)
{
Q_UNUSED(type);
}
/*!
\fn QNativeIpcKey::nativeKey() const noexcept
Returns the native key string associated with this object.
\sa setNativeKey(), type()
*/
/*!
\fn QNativeIpcKey::setNativeKey(const QString &newKey)
Sets the native key for this object to \a newKey.
\sa nativeKey(), setType()
*/
void QNativeIpcKey::setNativeKey_internal(const QString &)
{
}
/*!
\fn size_t QNativeIpcKey::qHash(const QNativeIpcKey &ipcKey) noexcept
Returns the hash value for \a ipcKey, using a default seed of \c 0.
*/
/*!
\fn size_t QNativeIpcKey::qHash(const QNativeIpcKey &ipcKey, size_t seed) noexcept
Returns the hash value for \a ipcKey, using \a seed to seed the calculation.
*/
size_t qHash(const QNativeIpcKey &ipcKey, size_t seed) noexcept
{
return qHashMulti(seed, ipcKey.key, ipcKey.type());
}
/*!
\fn bool QNativeIpcKey::operator==(const QNativeIpcKey &lhs, const QNativeIpcKey &rhs) noexcept
\fn bool QNativeIpcKey::operator!=(const QNativeIpcKey &lhs, const QNativeIpcKey &rhs) noexcept
Returns true if the \a lhs and \a rhs objects hold the same (or different) contents.
*/
int QNativeIpcKey::compare_internal(const QNativeIpcKey &lhs, const QNativeIpcKey &rhs) noexcept
{
Q_UNUSED(lhs); Q_UNUSED(rhs);
return 0;
}
/*!
Returns the string representation of this object. String representations
are useful to inform other processes of the key this process created and
that they should attach to.
This function returns a null string if the current object is
\l{isValid()}{invalid}.
\sa fromString()
*/
QString QNativeIpcKey::toString() const
{
QString prefix = typeToString(type());
if (prefix.isEmpty()) {
Q_ASSERT(prefix.isNull());
return prefix;
}
QString copy = nativeKey();
copy.replace(u'%', "%25"_L1);
if (copy.startsWith("//"_L1))
copy.replace(0, 2, u"/%2F"_s); // ensure it's parsed as a URL path
QUrl u;
u.setScheme(prefix);
u.setPath(copy, QUrl::TolerantMode);
return u.toString(QUrl::DecodeReserved);
}
/*!
Parses the string form \a text and returns the corresponding QNativeIpcKey.
String representations are useful to inform other processes of the key this
process created and they should attach to.
If the string could not be parsed, this function returns an
\l{isValid()}{invalid} object.
\sa toString(), isValid()
*/
QNativeIpcKey QNativeIpcKey::fromString(const QString &text)
{
QUrl u(text, QUrl::TolerantMode);
Type invalidType = {};
Type type = stringToType(u.scheme());
if (type == invalidType || !u.isValid() || !u.userInfo().isEmpty() || !u.host().isEmpty()
|| u.port() != -1)
return QNativeIpcKey(invalidType);
QNativeIpcKey result(QString(), type);
if (result.type() != type) // range check, just in case
return QNativeIpcKey(invalidType);
// decode the payload
result.setNativeKey(u.path());
return result;
}
QT_END_NAMESPACE
#include "moc_qtipccommon.cpp"
#endif // QT_CONFIG(sharedmemory) || QT_CONFIG(systemsemaphore)